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This part of IEC62369 presents procedures for the evaluation of human exposure toelectromagnetic fields (EMFs) from devices used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radiofrequency identification (RFID) and similar applications. It adopts a staged approach tofacilitate compliance assessment. The first stage (Stage 1) is a simple measurement againstthe appropriate derived reference values. Stage 2 is a more complex series of measurementsor calculations, coupled with analysis techniques. Stage 3 requires detailed modelling andanalysis for comparison with the basic restrictions. When assessing any device, the mostappropriate method for the exposure situation may be used.At the time of writing this International Standard, electronic article surveillance, radiofrequency identification and similar systems do not normally operate at frequencies below1 Hz or above 10 GHz. EMF exposure guidelines and standards can cover a wider range offrequencies, so clarification on the required range is included as part of the evaluationprocedures.The devices covered by this document normally have non-uniform field patterns. Often thesedevices have a very rapid reduction of field strength with distance and operate under near-field conditions where the relationship between electric and magnetic fields is not constant.This, together with typical exposure conditions for different device types, is detailed inAnnex A.Annex B contains comprehensive information to assist with numerical modelling of theexposure situation. It includes both homogeneous and anatomical models as well as theelectrical properties of tissue.This International Standard does not include limits. Limits can be obtained from separatelypublished human exposure guidelines. Different guidelines and limit values may apply indifferent regions. Linked into the guidelines are usually methods for summation across widerfrequency ranges and for multiple exposure sources. These shall be used. A simplifiedmethod for summation of multiple sources is contained in Annex C. This has to be used withcare as it is simplistic and will overestimate the exposure; however it is useful as a guide,when the results of different evaluations are in different units of measure which are notcompatible.Different countries and regions have different guidelines for handling the uncertainties fromthe evaluation. Annex D provides information on the two most common methods.A bibliography at the end of this standard provides general information as well as useful Iinformation for the measurement of electromagnetic fields. See [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6]1).Similar national or international standards may be used as an alternative.
This Report addresses the application and implications of SDR to land mobile systems, including, but not limited to, IMT-2000 and systems beyond, dispatch systems, intelligent transport systems (ITS), public mobile systems including public protection and disaster relief (PPDR), and first and second generation cellular systems including their enhancements. It addresses issues on the efficient use of spectrum using SDR techniques and adaptive control mechanisms, frequency sharing issues relating to SDR and general technical issues.